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.NET Core 使用 Consul 服务注册发现
阅读量:3963 次
发布时间:2019-05-24

本文共 13848 字,大约阅读时间需要 46 分钟。

Consul是一个用来实现分布式系统服务发现与配置的开源工具。它内置了服务注册与发现框架、分布一致性协议实现、健康检查、Key/Value存储、多数据中心方案,不再需要依赖其他工具,使用起来也较为简单。

  • Consul官网:
  • 开源地址:、

安装

Consul支持各种平台的安装,安装文档:,为了快速使用,我这里选择用。

version: "3"services:  service_1:    image: consul    command: agent -server -client=0.0.0.0 -bootstrap-expect=3 -node=service_1    volumes:      - /usr/local/docker/consul/data/service_1:/data  service_2:    image: consul    command: agent -server -client=0.0.0.0 -retry-join=service_1 -node=service_2    volumes:      - /usr/local/docker/consul/data/service_2:/data    depends_on:      - service_1  service_3:    image: consul    command: agent -server -client=0.0.0.0 -retry-join=service_1 -node=service_3    volumes:      - /usr/local/docker/consul/data/service_3:/data    depends_on:      - service_1  client_1:    image: consul    command: agent -client=0.0.0.0 -retry-join=service_1 -ui -node=client_1    ports:      - 8500:8500    volumes:      - /usr/local/docker/consul/data/client_1:/data    depends_on:      - service_2      - service_3

提供一个docker-compose.yaml,使用docker-compose up编排脚本启动Consul,如果你不熟悉,可以选择其它方式能运行Consul即可。

这里使用 Docker 搭建 3个 server 节点 + 1 个 client 节点,API 服务通过 client 节点进行服务注册和发现。

安装完成启动Consul,打开默认地址 可以看到Consului界面。

快速使用

添加两个webapi服务,ServiceA和ServiceB,一个webapi客户端Client来调用服务。

dotnet new sln -n consul_demodotnet new webapi -n ServiceAdotnet sln add ServiceA/ServiceA.csprojdotnet new webapi -n ServiceBdotnet sln add ServiceB/ServiceB.csprojdotnet new webapi -n Clientdotnet sln add Client/Client.csproj

在项目中添加Consul组件包

Install-Package Consul

服务注册

接下来在两个服务中添加必要的代码来实现将服务注册到Consul中。

首先将Consul配置信息添加到appsettings.json

{    "Consul": {        "Address": "http://host.docker.internal:8500",        "HealthCheck": "/healthcheck",        "Name": "ServiceA",        "Ip": "host.docker.internal"    }}

因为我们要将项目都运行在docker中,所以这里的地址要用 host.docker.internal 代替,使用 localhost 无法正常启动,如果不在 docker 中运行,这里就配置层 localhost。

添加一个扩展方法UseConul(this IApplicationBuilder app, IConfiguration configuration, IHostApplicationLifetime lifetime)

using System;using Consul;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;namespace ServiceA{    public static class Extensions    {        public static IApplicationBuilder UseConul(this IApplicationBuilder app, IConfiguration configuration, IHostApplicationLifetime lifetime)        {            var client = new ConsulClient(options =>            {                options.Address = new Uri(configuration["Consul:Address"]); // Consul客户端地址            });            var registration = new AgentServiceRegistration            {                ID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(), // 唯一Id                Name = configuration["Consul:Name"], // 服务名                Address = configuration["Consul:Ip"], // 服务绑定IP                Port = Convert.ToInt32(configuration["Consul:Port"]), // 服务绑定端口                Check = new AgentServiceCheck                {                    DeregisterCriticalServiceAfter = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), // 服务启动多久后注册                    Interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10), // 健康检查时间间隔                    HTTP = $"http://{configuration["Consul:Ip"]}:{configuration["Consul:Port"]}{configuration["Consul:HealthCheck"]}", // 健康检查地址                    Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5) // 超时时间                }            };            // 注册服务            client.Agent.ServiceRegister(registration).Wait();            // 应用程序终止时,取消服务注册            lifetime.ApplicationStopping.Register(() =>            {                client.Agent.ServiceDeregister(registration.ID).Wait();            });            return app;        }    }}

然后在Startup.cs中使用扩展方法即可。

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env, IHostApplicationLifetime lifetime){    ...    app.UseConul(Configuration, lifetime);}

注意,这里将IConfigurationIHostApplicationLifetime作为参数传进来的,根据实际开发做对应的修改就可以了。

分别在ServiceA和ServiceB都完成一遍上述操作,因为不是实际项目,这里就产生的许多重复代码,在真正的项目开发过程中可以考虑放在一个单独的项目中,ServiceA和ServiceB分别引用,调用。

接着去实现健康检查接口。

// ServiceAusing Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;namespace ServiceA.Controllers{    [Route("[controller]")]    [ApiController]    public class HealthCheckController : ControllerBase    {        ///         /// 健康检查        ///         /// 
[HttpGet] public IActionResult api() { return Ok(); } }}
// ServiceBusing Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;namespace ServiceB.Controllers{    [Route("[controller]")]    [ApiController]    public class HealthCheckController : ControllerBase    {        ///         /// 健康检查        ///         /// 
[HttpGet] public IActionResult Get() { return Ok(); } }}

最后在ServiceA和ServiceB中都添加一个接口。

// ServiceAusing System;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;namespace ServiceA.Controllers{    [Route("api/[controller]")]    [ApiController]    public class ServiceAController : ControllerBase    {        [HttpGet]        public IActionResult Get([FromServices] IConfiguration configuration)        {            var result = new            {                msg = $"我是{nameof(ServiceA)},当前时间:{DateTime.Now:G}",                ip = Request.HttpContext.Connection.LocalIpAddress.ToString(),                port = configuration["Consul:Port"]            };            return Ok(result);        }    }}
// ServiceBusing System;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;namespace ServiceB.Controllers{    [Route("api/[controller]")]    [ApiController]    public class ServiceBController : ControllerBase    {        [HttpGet]        public IActionResult Get([FromServices] IConfiguration configuration)        {            var result = new            {                msg = $"我是{nameof(ServiceB)},当前时间:{DateTime.Now:G}",                ip = Request.HttpContext.Connection.LocalIpAddress.ToString(),                port = configuration["Consul:Port"]            };            return Ok(result);        }    }}

这样我们写了两个服务,ServiceA和ServiceB。都添加了健康检查接口和一个自己的服务接口,返回一段json。

我们现在来运行看看效果,可以使用任何方式,只要能启动即可,我这里选择在docker中运行,直接在 Visual Studio中对着两个解决方案右键添加,选择Docker支持,默认会帮我们自动创建好Dockfile,非常方便。

生成的Dockfile文件内容如下:

# ServiceAFROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/aspnet:3.1-buster-slim AS baseWORKDIR /appEXPOSE 80EXPOSE 443FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/sdk:3.1-buster AS buildWORKDIR /srcCOPY ["ServiceA/ServiceA.csproj", "ServiceA/"]RUN dotnet restore "ServiceA/ServiceA.csproj"COPY . .WORKDIR "/src/ServiceA"RUN dotnet build "ServiceA.csproj" -c Release -o /app/buildFROM build AS publishRUN dotnet publish "ServiceA.csproj" -c Release -o /app/publishFROM base AS finalWORKDIR /appCOPY --from=publish /app/publish .ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "ServiceA.dll"]
# ServiceBFROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/aspnet:3.1-buster-slim AS baseWORKDIR /appEXPOSE 80EXPOSE 443FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/sdk:3.1-buster AS buildWORKDIR /srcCOPY ["ServiceB/ServiceB.csproj", "ServiceB/"]RUN dotnet restore "ServiceB/ServiceB.csproj"COPY . .WORKDIR "/src/ServiceB"RUN dotnet build "ServiceB.csproj" -c Release -o /app/buildFROM build AS publishRUN dotnet publish "ServiceB.csproj" -c Release -o /app/publishFROM base AS finalWORKDIR /appCOPY --from=publish /app/publish .ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "ServiceB.dll"]

然后定位到项目根目录,使用命令去编译两个镜像,service_a和service_b

docker build -t service_a:dev -f ./ServiceA/Dockerfile .docker build -t service_b:dev -f ./ServiceB/Dockerfile .

看到 Successfully 就成功了,通过docker image ls可以看到我们打包的两个镜像。

这里顺便提一句,已经可以看到我们编译的镜像,service_a和service_b了,但是还有许多名称为<none>的镜像,这些镜像可以不用管它,这种叫做虚悬镜像,既没有仓库名,也没有标签。是因为docker build导致的这种现象。由于新旧镜像同名,旧镜像名称被取消,从而出现仓库名、标签均为 <none> 的镜像。

一般来说,虚悬镜像已经失去了存在的价值,是可以随意删除的,可以docker image prune命令删除,这样镜像列表就干净多了。

最后将两个镜像service_a和service_b,分别运行三个实例。

docker run -d -p 5050:80 --name service_a1 service_a:dev --Consul:Port="5050"docker run -d -p 5051:80 --name service_a2 service_a:dev --Consul:Port="5051"docker run -d -p 5052:80 --name service_a3 service_a:dev --Consul:Port="5052"docker run -d -p 5060:80 --name service_b1 service_b:dev --Consul:Port="5060"docker run -d -p 5061:80 --name service_b2 service_b:dev --Consul:Port="5061"docker run -d -p 5062:80 --name service_b3 service_b:dev --Consul:Port="5062"

运行成功,接下来就是见证奇迹的时刻,去到Consul看看。

成功将两个服务注册到Consul,并且每个服务都有多个实例。

访问一下接口试试吧,看看能不能成功出现结果。

因为终端编码问题,导致显示乱码,这个不影响,ok,至此服务注册大功告成。

服务发现

搞定了服务注册,接下来演示一下如何服务发现,在Client项目中先将Consul地址配置到appsettings.json中。

{    "Consul": {        "Address": "http://host.docker.internal:8500"    }}

然后添加一个接口,IService.cs,添加三个方法,分别获取两个服务的返回结果以及初始化服务的方法。

using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace Client{    public interface IService    {        ///         /// 获取 ServiceA 返回数据        ///         /// 
Task
GetServiceA(); ///
/// 获取 ServiceB 返回数据 /// ///
Task
GetServiceB(); ///
/// 初始化服务 /// void InitServices(); }}

实现类:Service.cs

using System;using System.Collections.Concurrent;using System.Linq;using System.Net.Http;using System.Threading.Tasks;using Consul;using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;namespace Client{    public class Service : IService    {        private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;        private readonly ConsulClient _consulClient;        private ConcurrentBag
_serviceAUrls; private ConcurrentBag
_serviceBUrls; private IHttpClientFactory _httpClient; public Service(IConfiguration configuration, IHttpClientFactory httpClient) { _configuration = configuration; _consulClient = new ConsulClient(options => { options.Address = new Uri(_configuration["Consul:Address"]); }); _httpClient = httpClient; } public async Task
GetServiceA() { if (_serviceAUrls == null) return await Task.FromResult("ServiceA正在初始化..."); using var httpClient = _httpClient.CreateClient(); var serviceUrl = _serviceAUrls.ElementAt(new Random().Next(_serviceAUrls.Count())); Console.WriteLine("ServiceA:" + serviceUrl); var result = await httpClient.GetStringAsync($"{serviceUrl}/api/servicea"); return result; } public async Task
GetServiceB() { if (_serviceBUrls == null) return await Task.FromResult("ServiceB正在初始化..."); using var httpClient = _httpClient.CreateClient(); var serviceUrl = _serviceBUrls.ElementAt(new Random().Next(_serviceBUrls.Count())); Console.WriteLine("ServiceB:" + serviceUrl); var result = await httpClient.GetStringAsync($"{serviceUrl}/api/serviceb"); return result; } public void InitServices() { var serviceNames = new string[] { "ServiceA", "ServiceB" }; foreach (var item in serviceNames) { Task.Run(async () => { var queryOptions = new QueryOptions { WaitTime = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5) }; while (true) { await InitServicesAsync(queryOptions, item); } }); } async Task InitServicesAsync(QueryOptions queryOptions, string serviceName) { var result = await _consulClient.Health.Service(serviceName, null, true, queryOptions); if (queryOptions.WaitIndex != result.LastIndex) { queryOptions.WaitIndex = result.LastIndex; var services = result.Response.Select(x => $"http://{x.Service.Address}:{x.Service.Port}"); if (serviceName == "ServiceA") { _serviceAUrls = new ConcurrentBag
(services); } else if (serviceName == "ServiceB") { _serviceBUrls = new ConcurrentBag
(services); } } } } }}

代码就不解释了,相信都可以看懂,使用了Random类随机获取一个服务,关于这点可以选择更合适的负载均衡方式。

Startup.cs中添加接口依赖注入、使用初始化服务等代码。

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;namespace Client{    public class Startup    {        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)        {            Configuration = configuration;        }        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)        {            services.AddControllers();            services.AddHttpClient();            services.AddSingleton
(); } public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env, IService service) { if (env.IsDevelopment()) { app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage(); } app.UseHttpsRedirection(); app.UseRouting(); app.UseAuthorization(); app.UseEndpoints(endpoints => { endpoints.MapControllers(); }); service.InitServices(); } }}

一切就绪,添加api访问我们的两个服务。

using System.Threading.Tasks;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;namespace Client.Controllers{    [Route("api")]    [ApiController]    public class HomeController : ControllerBase    {        [HttpGet]        [Route("service_result")]        public async Task
GetService([FromServices] IService service) { return Ok(new { serviceA = await service.GetServiceA(), serviceB = await service.GetServiceB() }); } }}

直接在Visual Studio中运行Client项目,在浏览器访问api。

大功告成,服务注册与发现,现在就算之中的某个节点挂掉,服务也可以照常运行。

转载地址:http://fduki.baihongyu.com/

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